A.fashionable
B.extraordinary
C.special
D.basic
42.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat___.
A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers.
B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution.
C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments.
D.man'swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely
43.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause___.
A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight
B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun
C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting
D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections
44.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich___.
A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye
B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients
C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam
D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves
45.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat___.
A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer
B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably
C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom
D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer
2
In1885OwenWister(1850-1938)recordedthat"itwon'tbeacenturybeforetheWestissimplythetrueAmerica,withthought,type,
andlifeofitsown"andhewanted"tobethehandthatonce,forall,chronicledandlaidbarethevirtuesandthevicesof
thisextraordinaryphaseofAmericansocialprogress."Heneverbecamethatself-envisionedTolstoioftheoldWest,butin1902TheVirginianwaspublishe
D.Itwoninstantsuccessandskyrocketeditsauthortofame.Itisstillthemostpopular"Western"
noveleverpublishedandthemasterdesignforthefictionoftheWildWest.
TheVirginianestablishedaliteraryform,aformulapopularlyknownas"horseopera",whoseconventions,
cliches,andvalueshavereappearedinnovelsandshortstories,inmoviesandtelevisionserials,eversince.
Theromanticcowboyistheheroandgentleman,oneofthose"goodmeninthehumblerwalksoflife",
whoseemsthroughshams,defendsjusticeandalady'shonor,shootsitoutwiththevillainandconquersevil.
BecauseoftheVirginian,WistercreatedacharacterwhoistheoriginaltypefortheWesternfolkhero.
HerepresentstheembodimentofcertainAmericanideals---amanwhoisequaltoalloccasions,whoshowsindependenceofaction,amanwhokeepshiswordwhois"abroad-guagefellowlivingamongnarrow-guagefolk".ButtheliterarydeviceandcowboycodewhichWisterestablisheddictatedthattheheromustkill
thebadman.Thisnecessityforsanctioningmurderandromanticizingofthecowboyasagentlemanprohibite
D.TheVirginianandthegenreitcreatedfrombecomingseriousfiction,orevenanauthenticproductof
thewesternexperience.Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,
thecowboystory.
46.OwenWisterbelieved___.A.thewayoflifeintheWestin1885wasapassingphase_x001d_
B.thecowboyin1885symbolizedthetypicalAmericanmale.
C.theWestwouldbealwaysisolatedfromtherestofthecountryby itsmoralcode.
D.noneofthese.
47.ThereferencetoWisterasaself-envisionedTolstoiimpliesthat___.
A.TheVirginianisasgreatanovelasWarandPeace
B.Wisterunderestimatedhimselfasanauthor
C.Wisterwantedtobeawriteroflightnovels
D.asTolstoihadlaidbarethevirtuesandvicesofRussiansociety,so WisterwoulddoforthesocietyoftheAmericanWest.
48.Stylistically,TheVirginianisnotedforthefactthatit___.
A.waswrittenaccordingtoapre-establishedformula.
B.establishedtheformulaknownas"horseopera".
C.followedtheliteraryconventionsoftheday.
D.abandonedAmericanconventionsinfavorofforeignones.
49.ThepopularitywhichwasaccordedTheVirginianindicatesthat Wister___.
A.realizedhisstatedambition
B.gaveusanauthenticaccountofthewesternexperience
C.becametheAmericanTolstoi
D.hadwrittenanaccountofthecowboywhichappealedtoAmerican
50.Theauthorofthearticlebelievesthat___.
A.TheVirginiandidnotdeservethesuccessitwon
B.WistermadeadefinitecontributiontoAmericanliterature
C.Wisterwasahack
D.cowboystoriesshouldbeconsideredseriousfiction
3
Deathcomesquicklyinthemountains.Eachwinterholidaymakersarecaughtunawaresastheyhappilyskiawayfrom
thefixedruns,littlerealizingthatasmallavalanchecansendthemcrashinginabone breakingfalldowntheslopeandleavethemburiedundertonsofcrispwhitesnow.Therearelotsoftheoriesabouthowtoav
oiddisasterwhenhitbyanavalanche.Practiceisnormallylesscheerful.
ThesnowintheSalzburgofAustriawherearecentdisastertookplacewastypicalavalanchematerial.Forseveraldaysbe
foretheincidentIhadskiedlocally.Earlywintersnowwaswearingthinandcoveredwithice.Ontopofthatnew,
warmerflakesweregentlyfallingtoproduceadangerouscarpet.Totheskierwhoenjoysunmarkedslopesitistemp
tingstuff,deepnewpowersnowonahardbase---theskiingthatdreamsaremadeof.Andsometimesnightmares.
Snowfallsinsectionslikeacake.Differentsectionshavedifferentdensitiesbecauseofthetemperaturesatthe
timeofthefallandintheweeksafterwards.Problemscomewhenanyparticularsectionistoothickandnotstickingto
thesectionbeneath.ThesnowofthepastfewweekshadbeenfallinginratherhighertemperaturesthanthoseofDecembera
ndearlyJanuary.Theresultoftheseconditionsisthatevenaslightincreaseinthetemperaturessendsathinstreamofw
aterbetweenthenewsnowandtheol D.Thenthenewsnowsimplyslidesoffthemountain.
Suchslidesarenotunexpecte D.Localcitizensknowtheslopeswhichtendtoavalancheandtheweatherinwhichsuchslidesarelikely.Trapsaresettoc
atchthesnoworpreventitslipping;bombsareplacedandexplodedfromtimetotimetosetoffsmallavalanchesbeforeabi
gonehastimetobuildup;andaboveall,skiersarewarnednottoskiindangerareas.
Inspiteofthis,avalancheshappeninunexpectedareasand,ofcourse,skierignorethewarnings.Theonecomforttorecr
eationalskiers,however,isthatavalancheincidentsonthemarkedskislopesarequiterare.Noskiresortwantstheima
geofbeingadeathtrap.
51.Eachwinterholidaymakersinthemountainscomefacetofacewith_x001e_deathbecause___.
A.theyfailtorealizehowdangerousavalanchescanbe
B.theyarenotexpertenoughatskiingonthefixedruns
C.theyaretryingtoavoidareaswhereavalancheshappen
D.theyskigreatdistancesdownthemountainsides
52.Accordingtothewriter,skiingconditionsintheSalzburgareaofAustriabeforetheaccidenthappenedwere___.
A.perfectfortheinexperiencedskier
B.unsafebecausethenewsnowwascoveredwithice
C.typicalofconditionsresultinginavalanches
D.suitableonlyforskiinglocally
53.ItwouldappearfromthetextthatavalanchesarebroughtaboutVbecause___.
A.aparticularsectionofsnowisnotthickenough
B.thereisaslightfallinthetemperature
C.heavysnowfallsturnintorain
D.theicebetweendifferentsectionsofsnowmelts
54.Inareaswhereavalanchesareknowntohappen___.
A.localresidentsstayindoorswhentheweatherisbad
B.measuresaretakentopreventseriousavalanches
C.smallavalanchescaneasilybeprevented
D.skiersformthemselvesintoawalltokeepthesnowinposition
55.Althoughaccidentsdohappen,skierswillbereasonablysafeif___.
A.theystayontheofficiallyapprovedslopes
B.theyskionlyforpleasure
C.theyskionlyatresorts
D.theychooselesscrowdedskislopes
4
TheEnglish,asarace,areverydifferentfromallothernationalities,includingtheirclosestneighbors,theFrench,
BelgiansandDutch.ItisclaimedthatlivingonanislandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.Whatever
thereasons,itmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedmanyattitudesandhabitswhichdistinguishhimfr
omothernationalities.
Broadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,reservedpersonwhoisfullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowswell.
Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrasse
D.Youhaveonlytowitnessacitytrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirne
